Resume KSI pertemuan 2

An Introduction to Information Systems

Principles and Learning Objectives
1. The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization's goals
a) Discuss why it is important to study and understand information systems
b) Distinguish data from information and describe the characteristics used to evaluate the quality of data
2. Computers and information systems are constantly making it possible for organizations to improve the way they conduct business
a) Name the components of an information system and describe several system characteristics
3. Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful personal career, organizations that reach their goals, and a society with a higher quality of life
a) List the components of a computer-based information system
b) Identify the basic types of business information systems and discuss who uses them, how they are used, and what kinds of benefits they deliver

Why Learn About Information Systems?
1. Information systems used in most professions
a) Sales reps
b) Managers
c) Corporate lawyers
2. Indispensable for achieving career goals

Introduction
1. Information system (IS)
a) A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information, and provide feedback to meet an objective
b) Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems

Information Concepts
1. Information is one of an organization's most valuable resources
2. Information is different from data

Data, Information, and Knowledge
1. Data: raw facts
2. Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves
3. Knowledge: awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision

Table 1.1: Types of Data

Figure 1.1: Defining and Organizing Relationships Among Data Creates Information

Figure 1.2: The Process of Transforming Data into Information

The Characteristics of Valuable Information

Table 1.2: Characteristics of Valuable Information

The Value of Information
1. Value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve their organization's goals
2. For example, value of information might be measured in:
a) Time required to make a decision
b) Increased profits to company

System Concepts
1. System = A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals
2. Components of a system
a) Input
b) Processing
c) Output
d) Feedback

Figure 1.3: Components of a System

System Performance and Standards
1. Efficiency: measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed
2. Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its goals
3. System performance standard: a specific objective of the system
What Is An Information System?

Figure 1.5: The Components of an Information System

Input, Processing, Output, Feedback
1. Input: activity of gathering and capturing raw data
2. Processing: converting or transforming data into useful outputs
3. Output: production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports
4. Feedback: output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities

Manual and Computerized Information Systems
1. An information system can be:
a) Manual
b) Computerized

Computer-Based Information Systems
1. Computer-based information system (CBIS)
a) A single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information

Figure 1.6: The Components of a Computer-Based Information System

Business Information Systems
1. Most common types of information systems used in business organizations
a) Electronic and mobile commerce systems
b) Transaction processing systems
c) Management information systems
d) Decision support systems

Electronic and Mobile Commerce
1. E-commerce:any business transaction executed electronically between parties such as:
a) Companies (business-to-business, B2B)
b) Companies and consumers (business-to-consumer, B2C)
c) Consumers and other consumers (consumer-to-consumer, C2C)
d) Business and the public sector
e) Consumers and the public sector

Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning
1. Transaction: any business-related exchange, such as payments to employees, sales to customers, and payments to suppliers
2. Transaction processing system (TPS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions

Transaction Processing Systems

Figure 1.11: A Payroll Transaction Processing System

Enterprise Resource Planning
1. A set of integrated programs that manages the vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization
2. Can replace many applications with one unified set of programs, making the system easier to use and more effective

Information and Decision Support Systems
1. An effective TPS provides a number of benefits to a company
2. A TPS can speed business activities and reduce clerical costs
3. Data stored in TPSs is used to help managers make better decisions

Management Information Systems
1. Management information system (MIS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers
2. Primary focus of an MIS is operational efficiency

Figure 1.12: Management Information System

Decision Support Systems
1. Decision support system (DSS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making
2. Focus of a DSS is on decision-making effectiveness

Figure 1.13: Essential DSS Elements

Specialized Business Information Systems:
1. Knowledge management systems (KMSs): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices to create, store, share, and use the organization's knowledge and experience
2. Artificial intelligence (AI): field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence

Figure 1.14: The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence

Expert Systems
1. Give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field
2. Allow organizations to capture and use the wisdom of experts and specialists
3. The knowledge base contains the collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome


Sumber : http://blog.stikom.edu/tyas/files/2012/09/KSI-2.pdf